How schooling is organised
Taiwan's current framework is the Curriculum Guidelines of 12-Year Basic Education, introduced in 2019 and usually called the 108 Curriculum after the Republic of China calendar year of its adoption. It reorganised schooling around core competencies rather than subject content lists and gave schools a meaningful allocation of school-determined flexible courses.
Structure is six years of elementary, three of junior high and three of senior high or vocational high school. Progression runs through the Comprehensive Assessment Program for Junior High School Students at 15 and the General Scholastic Ability Test and Advanced Subjects Test for university admission, administered by the College Entrance Examination Center.
What the ministry publishes
The Ministry of Education publishes the curriculum guidelines and operates several open platforms, of which Équipe and the Ministry's e-learning portals host the largest collections of curriculum-aligned material. The College Entrance Examination Center publishes past GSAT and AST papers with reference answers, and the National Academy for Educational Research publishes curriculum research and the compiled dictionaries used in schools.
Taiwan is also notable for strong government support for local-language education — Taiwanese Hokkien, Hakka and Indigenous languages all have official teaching material, reflecting their place in the 108 Curriculum. Material is predominantly in Traditional Chinese.
Getting the most out of it
If you are studying within the system, note that the 108 Curriculum makes your school's own flexible-course choices part of the picture — the national guidelines will not tell you everything you are studying.
For university entrance, the CEEC's published papers and their accompanying analyses of item difficulty are the most reliable free preparation, and they document the shift in question style that came with the competency-based reform.
Resource listings
Alternative Education
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Experimental Education Programs
Alternative education options including school-based, non-school-based, and institutional experimental education
Alternative FrameworkG1, G2, G3, G4, G5, G6, G7, G8, G9, G10, G11, G12Alternative PedagogiesWaldorf EducationInnovative CurriculaCurriculum-aligned
Bilingual Education
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Bilingual and International Education
Comprehensive bilingual education policy promoting English proficiency and international perspectives
Language ProgrammeG1, G2, G3, G4, G5, G6, G7, G8, G9, G10, G11, G12English LanguageInternational StudiesCross-cultural CommunicationCurriculum-aligned
Civic Education
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China Literacy Education Program
Educational materials focusing on media literacy, democratic defense, and national identity understanding
Civic ProgrammeG7, G8, G9, G10, G11, G12Civic EducationMedia LiteracyDemocratic StudiesCross-strait RelationsCurriculum-aligned
Curriculum
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12-Year Basic Education Curriculum Guidelines
Comprehensive curriculum framework covering kindergarten through grade 12, implemented progressively since 2019
National CurriculumPreschool, G1, G2, G3, G4, G5, G6, G7, G8, G9, G10, G11, G12All Academic SubjectsCurriculum-aligned
Digital Education
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Digital and Technological Education
Digital learning initiatives and technology integration across all educational levels
Digital FrameworkG1, G2, G3, G4, G5, G6, G7, G8, G9, G10, G11, G12Computer ScienceDigital LiteracyInformation TechnologyAI EducationCurriculum-aligned
Early Childhood
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Preschool Education and Care
Integrated early childhood education system for children aged 2 to pre-elementary, combining kindergartens and childcare centers
Early Years FrameworkPreschoolPlay-based LearningLanguage DevelopmentSocial SkillsPhysical DevelopmentCurriculum-aligned
Educational Equity
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Remote Area Education Development
Specialized support and resources for schools in remote areas ensuring educational equity and access
Equity ProgrammePreschool, G1, G2, G3, G4, G5, G6, G7, G8, G9, G10, G11, G12Rural EducationTeacher SupportCurriculum-aligned
Environmental Education
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Outdoor and Environmental Education
Comprehensive outdoor education policy including 'Salute to the Mountains, Salute to the Sea' program integrating marine and environmental education
Environmental ProgrammeG1, G2, G3, G4, G5, G6, G7, G8, G9, G10, G11, G12Environmental StudiesMarine EducationOutdoor ActivitiesSustainabilityCurriculum-aligned
Foreign Languages
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Second Foreign Language Education
Program promoting multilingual education through elective courses in various foreign languages beyond English
Language ProgrammeG10, G11, G12JapaneseKoreanFrenchGermanCurriculum-aligned
General
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Ministry of Education, Republic of China (Taiwan)
Taiwan's highest supervisory body for education, responsible for all educational policies and administration
Ministry PortalPreschool, G1, G2, G3, G4, G5, G6, G7, G8, G9, G10, G11, G12Curriculum-aligned
Lower Secondary
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Junior High School Education
Three-year compulsory lower secondary education including regular curriculum and technical education components
Educational FrameworkG7, G8, G9Chinese LanguageEnglishMathematicsScienceCurriculum-aligned
Primary Education
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Primary Education System
Six-year compulsory primary education serving as the foundation of Taiwan's educational system
Educational FrameworkG1, G2, G3, G4, G5, G6Chinese LanguageMathematicsEnglishSocial StudiesCurriculum-aligned
Science Education
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Science Education Program
Specialized science program in senior high schools for identifying and nurturing scientific talent
Specialized ProgrammeG10, G11, G12Advanced PhysicsAdvanced ChemistryAdvanced BiologyAdvanced MathematicsCurriculum-aligned
Special Education
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Special Education Services
Comprehensive support services for students with special educational needs and diverse learning requirements
Support ServicesPreschool, G1, G2, G3, G4, G5, G6, G7, G8, G9, G10, G11, G12Special SupportInclusive EducationCurriculum-aligned
Upper Secondary
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Senior High School Education System
Three-year upper secondary education including general, vocational, comprehensive, and specialty-based schools
Educational FrameworkG10, G11, G12Academic SubjectsVocational TrainingSpecialized ProgramsCurriculum-aligned
Vocational Education
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Technical and Vocational Education
Comprehensive vocational education system including industry-academia cooperation programs and skills development
Vocational FrameworkG10, G11, G12Industrial TechnologyBusinessAgricultureHome EconomicsCurriculum-aligned
All resources listed here are published by government departments, ministries, statutory examination bodies or public broadcasters and were free to access when last checked. OffLearn is not affiliated with any of them. Links open on the publisher's own site. Found a dead link? Tell us and we will fix it.
Other countries
United States
The United States has no national curriculum — standards and materials are set state by state, so the state page is the one that matters.
Canada
Canada has no federal education department at all — each province and territory runs its own curriculum, in English, French or both.
Australia
Australia teaches a single national curriculum that each state and territory adapts, so useful material sits at both the federal and state level.
United Kingdom
England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland run four genuinely different systems with different curricula and different exams.
New Zealand
New Zealand centralises its curriculum and qualifications nationally, so nearly all official material comes from two agencies.
Ireland
Ireland runs a centralised national curriculum with two high-stakes state examinations and an unusual optional transition year.